How to get smoke smell out of furniture - If you don't allow smoking or vaping at your business, it's a good idea to post signs saying so. Here are no smoking signs for your business. If you buy something through our links...

 
Take the drawers out leave it out on the lawn for 3 days, place tarp underneath it so it doesn’t get wet from grass dew. Clean with Lysol, rinse, sand it down, stain. Or paint with Kilz primer, this stuff gets rid of smoke smell in the walls in homes. If it still smells like smoke, trash it.. I want to cry but i can't

Distilled white vinegar: Soak the leather in a solution of distilled white vinegar. Obviously, this will cause it to smell of vinegar slightly when it is dry, so after giving it a good rub down, let it dry, and then wash the couch again with the washing-up solution, then make sure you give it a good conditioning.Leather Furniture. Follow these steps to clean smoke-damaged leather: Using a flash brush attachment, vacuum up the soot. Hold the attachment just above the leather to avoid scratching it. Wipe down the leather using a soft cloth and quality leather soap. Using a fresh cloth, lightly dab the leather with a 1-part water, 1-part white vinegar ...Distilled white vinegar: Soak the leather in a solution of distilled white vinegar. Obviously, this will cause it to smell of vinegar slightly when it is dry, so after giving it a good rub down, let it dry, and then wash the couch again with the washing-up solution, then make sure you give it a good conditioning.To prepare the solution, you need 2 cups of witch hazel and 20-40 cups of citrus essential oil, like lemon, lime, lemongrass, or perhaps eucalyptus. Mix the two in a spray bottle and shake the mixture well before each use. Spray the solution freely on the smoke smell affected areas.May 7, 2021 · We've looked into methods to remove nicotine stains from fabric furniture. In this post, we will discuss them with you. Lingering smoke doesn't have to stay forever. Here are common methods that you can use to remove the smell from your fabric furniture: Sprinkle a little baking soda. Use coffee grounds. Air it out. If you're looking into how to sell furniture, here's everything you need to know so you can start scaling your business. If you buy something through our links, we may earn money f...While smoking paper is not as hazardous as smoking tobacco, any type of smoke inhalation is still unhealthy. Smoking paper with ink or other chemicals on it is more hazardous than ...To remove smoke smell from a car or room, fill several small bowls with baking soda and set them all around the space. Leave the baking soda in place for at least 24 hours. Sprinkle a thin layer of baking soda onto rugs or carpeting, let it sit for at least 2 hours (preferably overnight), and then vacuum.7 Jun 2022 ... How To Get Rid Of Smoke Smell From Your House {Tested Tips} · Open all of your windows and doors. · Use fans, exhaust fans and air purifier ...12 Oct 2001 ... Ozium spray. It's Ozone in a can and will remove any odors. Just take it with you for when it starts stinking. Clean the leather first though to ...William on Sep 24, 2019. Fill some old socks with baking soda or charcoal. untreated charcoal briquets would work. Suspend them inside the piano. You can even mix some essential oils in the baking soda. Swan Road Designs on Sep 24, 2019. We purchased a used car that reeked of smoke.Here are some tips for how to neutralize the smell of smoke from wood: 1. Ventilate the area: Open windows and doors to air out the room. If possible, set up fans to help circulate fresh air. 2. Clean surfaces: Use a mild soap or detergent on all surfaces that have been affected by smoke.Solution #3: Baking Soda Solution. Like lowly vinegar, baking soda is an all-natural, effective, and cheap solution for removing the cigarette smell from leather sofas or furniture. Baking soda is known for its deodorizing properties. It is also colorless. Therefore, it won’t ruin the appearance of your leather couch. Remove Smoke Smell from Walls and Hard Surfaces. Use the homemade vinegar cleaning solution to clean all of the hard surfaces in the home. Tackle the walls, ceilings, floors, appliances, and cabinets (inside and out), countertops, stairs, handrails, mirrors, and even windows. Use the spray bottle for most of these, spraying the solution onto ... 4 Pure Vanilla Extract. The use of this substance does wonders at covering up smoke aromas. Mix one teaspoon with a cup of water and pours contents within a spray bottle. Begin to spray down the surface of the leather ensuring that it is covered in this solution. Store leather within a dry location with a outside in the shade. Cleaning your furniture with vinegar is another all-natural method for getting rid of the smell of cigar smoke. Vinegar is a natural odor eliminator and will help to remove the cigar smoke smell from your furniture. Cleaning your furniture involves mixing vinegar and water in equal amounts in a basin. The vinegar solution should then be applied ... Fortunately, several household solutions exist for the removal of such odors to return clothes back to normal. In this guide, a range of solutions will be offered for removing smoke odor with or without washing. Machine Washing Solutions 1 Wash Again. Often, one detergent wash is not enough to strip the smoke odors from clothing.Are you tired of searching for a new perfume that matches the scent of your favorite fragrance? Look no further. In this guide, we will explore the world of perfumes that smell sim...When it comes to your family’s safety, you don’t want to cut corners. Fire protection is one of the best ways you can safeguard your family, and a smoke detector is key to that pro...Always ventilate the affected area before and after to get the best results, and read the instructions on the label. . Install an air purifier. Air purifiers help remove contaminants from the air. These devices are an excellent way to keep you from smelling smoke constantly, and they also help shift dust and dirt. .5 Apr 2021 ... It will smell like a chippy, but the smell will fade and should get rid of the smoky smell. Don't paint it before doing this as you risk sealing ...Simply pour some of it on a cloth and place it near or on the furniture. Leaving it in one place for a couple of hours will remove the smell of smoke from your furniture. A downside to this method is that vinegar has an unpleasant smell of its own. However, unlike the smell of smoke, the smell of vinegar can diminish in time.Cedar chest was in room of woman who smoked. Remove all contents from the cedar chest. Sand the interior wood with fine-grit sandpaper. ... Wipe the inside to remove all dust left from the sanding. Place an open box of baking soda inside the chest and close the lid for 48 hours. Then vacuum out the baking soda.1. Forget the air fresheners. First, forget air fresheners. You’ll only mask the smell, and only for a few hours at best. As the air freshener dissipates, that smoke smell will return …May 3, 2022 · One of the easiest methods to rid your new furniture of VOCs is with off-gassing. “Heat, air, and time are the best ways to bring down that initial off-gassing odor,” says building biologist ... Jul 17, 2017 · Work with one small section at a time. Wipe the wood dry with a clean cloth before moving on to another section. Make a solution of 80 percent warm water and 20 percent household ammonia, or for very strong cigarette odors, use equal parts ammonia and warm water. Alternatively, use white vinegar instead of ammonia. Mix a cup of white vinegar with two cups of water, fill up a spray bottle, and voila! You’ve just created your very own odor-zapping potion. Simply mist this concoction around the room … Step 2. Deploy the power of white vinegar on the cigarette smell. Fill bowls with white vinegar or saturate a cloth with vinegar, wring it out and set it inside the furniture. Check the progress after a few hours. Vinegar carries its own potent smell that some people find offensive, but at least it dissipates rather quickly. 1. Ensure Airflow. Air, air, and air! The only solution to kick off the smell is to ventilate the room well after smoking immediately. If it is coming through an ashtray of a closed wooden ash box, remove the residues properly. Put …Displaying - Place cups of vinegar in a room where people usually smoke to prevent it from sticking to furniture. Wiping - Mix half a gallon of warm water with two cups of vinegar and wipe furniture to remove the smoke smell. 2. Baking Soda. Another natural deodorant and disinfectant is baking soda.2. If the cushions still smell try any of the following options -. Mix one cup of vinegar and one cup of warm water in a spray bottle, shake the capped bottle hard and then lightly spray the mixture across the surface of the cushions. Let it dry naturally, preferably in the sun for a few hours. Half vinegar plus half water In a spray bottle.Oxygen bleach may get rid of even the most pungent odors, including the smell of cigarettes, without harming clothing. When oxygen bleach is mixed with water, hundreds of small oxygen bubbles are released. These bubbles go deep into your clothing to loosen and remove the smoke odor where it originates. tb1234.Jul 20, 2023 · Grab a small spray bottle and mix in: 2-3 tablespoons of baking soda. A couple drops of scented oil, like lavender. Warm water. Shake it up thoroughly and then spray the mix on your fabrics for a quick, safe freshener. The addition of the scented oil helps mask odors while the light film of baking soda gets to work. Use a Deodorizer. If your smells are limited to a certain part of your couch, consider using a deodorizer spray. Make your spray. Combine a tablespoon of baking soda with a cup of water and half a teaspoon of your favorite essential oil in a spray bottle. Spray the mixture onto the smelly area. Let it sit for five to 10 minutes.Getting nicotine off wicker. Step 1. Take outside and mix 1/2 vinegar and water with tsp of dawn dish soap. Step 2. Spray the whole piece of wicker and scrub with a sponge. Step 3. Then rinse with a hose if you can. Step 4. Repeat and dry well with a towel.Cedar chest was in room of woman who smoked. Remove all contents from the cedar chest. Sand the interior wood with fine-grit sandpaper. ... Wipe the inside to remove all dust left from the sanding. Place an open box of baking soda inside the chest and close the lid for 48 hours. Then vacuum out the baking soda.Step 3. Vacuum the velvet with a small handheld vacuum or the hose attachment of your vacuum. Velvet is a soft fabric used in a variety of items, including clothing and home decor. When velvet collects unpleasant smells, it is important to deodorize the fabric in a way that removes all odor without harming the fabric.Mix 1 part vodka with 3 parts water in a spray bottle. The measurements do not need to be exact; the freshening spray will work well even with a stronger vodka concentration. Add a few drops of your favorite essential oil or essential oil blend. Secure the lid or nozzle tightly on the bottle and shake it to mix the ingredients.The closer to the window frame you can put the fan the better. Airing out your home is the first step to removing the smell of cannabis. photo credit. Empty out all your ashtrays, dump the roaches, flush your bong water, and take out the trash. Next, douse the place with a spray air freshener.The Best Ways to Remove Vape Odors Immediately. 1. Invest into a high-quality air purifier. Many of the air purifiers which are designed to remove cigarette smoke odors will help you get rid of vape odors as well. The best air purifiers for the house help you to neutralize odors in a variety of ways. HEPA filters can strain small micron-sized ...Baking soda. Using baking soda is an easy and environmentally friendly way to remove cigarette smells from fabric furniture. All you need is baking soda and a vacuum with an upholstery attachment. First, you should remove any cushion covers that can be put in a washing machine. Before cleaning those covers in a washing machine, sprinkle …When it comes to your family’s safety, you don’t want to cut corners. Fire protection is one of the best ways you can safeguard your family, and a smoke detector is key to that pro...Dec 14, 2023 · Skill Level And Timeframe: Getting Smoke Smell Out Of Leather. Removing smoke smell from leather requires a moderate level of skill and involves following specific steps and using the right tools and supplies. On a scale of 1 to 5, with 5 being the highest level of expertise, the skill level for getting smoke smell out of leather is rated at 4 ... First, clean the windows with the cloths and soot cleaner, then use the degreaser to remove anything that’s left. If you’re using a spray bottle, just fill it up with water and add some white vinegar. Spray on the glass and let sit for about 5 minutes, then …How to get smoke smell out of wood furniture. It can be hard to get the smoke smell out of antique wood furniture, wooden chests, wooden tables, wooden boxes...The Best Ways to Remove Vape Odors Immediately. 1. Invest into a high-quality air purifier. Many of the air purifiers which are designed to remove cigarette smoke odors will help you get rid of vape odors as well. The best air purifiers for the house help you to neutralize odors in a variety of ways. HEPA filters can strain small micron-sized ...To get smoke smell out of a camper, start by ventilating the vehicle and use air fresheners or dryer sheets to mask the odors. Next, air the cushions, wash bedding, air out the mattresses, scrub the rugs, wipe off all of the furniture, and clean the windows. Don’t forget about the awning as well. Throughout this post, you’ll also learn the ...Here is what I did to get rid of the smell. I used a 50/50 water and white vinegar solution and wiped down every surface. The car smelled like vinegar for two weeks after, but as the vinegar smell faded the smoke smell did not return. Nope, but I did almost bought a used one of those back in 2000.Its acidity helps neutralize the high pH of smoke molecules. Here are a few ways you can use vinegar to eliminate cigarette smells: Make a cleaning solution using one part vinegar to three parts water. Use it to clean your carpet and scrub smoky surfaces like walls, floors, ceilings, and countertops.Mice are a common problem in many homes and businesses, but they can be difficult to get rid of. Fortunately, there are several smells that can help repel mice and keep them away. ...2. If the cushions still smell try any of the following options -. Mix one cup of vinegar and one cup of warm water in a spray bottle, shake the capped bottle hard and then lightly spray the mixture across the surface of the cushions. Let it dry naturally, preferably in the sun for a few hours. Half vinegar plus half water In a spray bottle.Feb 16, 2023 · 2. Allow fresh air to circulate. As soon as possible, open windows in each room for increased ventilation and bring in a small fan to increase the amount of air flow into the room. This will help clear the building of any residual smoke, minimize the smoke odor, and provide fresh and soot-free air for you to breathe. Follow these steps: Open the front door to let in the fresh air and set up a large fan facing into the house. Close all but one window or door in the room where you are working. Turn on the fan to the highest speed to force the smokey air out the door. This method will force fresh air into the room through the window via an exhaust fan.Sep 20, 2022 · To prepare the solution, you need 2 cups of witch hazel and 20-40 cups of citrus essential oil, like lemon, lime, lemongrass, or perhaps eucalyptus. Mix the two in a spray bottle and shake the mixture well before each use. Spray the solution freely on the smoke smell affected areas. Mix a cup of white vinegar with two cups of water, fill up a spray bottle, and voila! You’ve just created your very own odor-zapping potion. Simply mist this concoction around the room …Once completely dry, use one of the following methods: Baking Soda: One effective way to get the smoke smell out of leather is by using baking soda. Sprinkle a generous amount of baking soda over the surface of the item and work it into the fabric with a brush or towel. Leave for several hours then vacuum up the powder.5. Spray white vinegar on the leather to clean and deodorize it. Pour vinegar into a spray bottle and spray it on your leather item in a thin layer to get rid of the smoke smell. Wait a few minutes for the vinegar to absorb into the material before wiping it off with a clean, dry rag using circular motions.Here is what I did to get rid of the smell. I used a 50/50 water and white vinegar solution and wiped down every surface. The car smelled like vinegar for two weeks after, but as the vinegar smell faded the smoke smell did not return. Nope, but I did almost bought a used one of those back in 2000.Hydrogen peroxide is an effective stain remover and can also help eliminate smoke smell. Mix a solution of 1 part hydrogen peroxide and 2 parts water. Dampen a cloth with the solution and gently dab the fabric. Test the solution on a small, inconspicuous area first to ensure it doesn’t cause any discoloration.The experts at Smoke Guard will consider all areas of your space, from its potentially flammable design features. Expert Advice On Improving Your Home Videos Latest View All Guides...Fully ventilate the room after the operation to allow it to dry out adequately. To make absolutely sure that no skunky cannabis aromas remain, you can run over the carpet again with a 50-50 mix of white vinegar and water, using the same machine and drying process. 3. CLEANSE THE FURNITURE.The closer to the window frame you can put the fan the better. Airing out your home is the first step to removing the smell of cannabis. photo credit. Empty out all your ashtrays, dump the roaches, flush your bong water, and take out the trash. Next, douse the place with a spray air freshener.5 Lemon Juice. The citric acid within lemons work to break down smokey residues and carry them off. Create a mixture of three tea spoon of lemon juice and one cup of water, and pour within spray bottle. Heavily spray fabric until it is moistened, and place item in the sun to air dry. As the lemon juice compound evaporates much of the smokey ...Method 2: Use Baking Soda. Another great way to clean wood smoke damage is using baking soda. First, create a paste using equal parts baking soda and water, then use a clean cloth to apply it to the affected surfaces. Gently rub the area in a circular motion until the residue comes off, then wipe away with a damp cloth.Then, follow the steps given below to get the smell out of the suede couch: 01. Sprinkle Baking Soda. Take off the cushions, then spread some baking soda to soak up the wet dirt. Spill a light layer of soda on the entire suede couch. Leave it for a couple of minutes to let it sit.Dec 29, 2023 · Essential oils mask the cigarette smell with a refreshing fragrance. Coffee grounds absorb the smoke smell, leaving a rich scent. Using baking soda is incredibly simple and cost-efficient. Just sprinkle it on the wood furniture, let it sit overnight, and vacuum it up in the morning. For a deeper clean, mix hot water with distilled white vinegar ... Once you’ve identified the source of the wood smoke smell, it’s time to start removing it from your soft furnishings. This includes anything made of fabric, such as curtains, carpets, rugs, and furniture. Start by vacuuming the affected areas. This will help to remove any loose soot from the fabric. Then, use a damp cloth to wipe down the ...Sprinkle Baking Soda on Rugs. Rugs and carpets are another soft surface that simply soak up odors. Luckily, baking soda will also work on these materials to soak up and neutralize a burnt smell. Sprinkle baking soda on rugs near the burnt area. Allow it to sit for several hours, then vacuum up the excess baking soda. How to Get Smoke Smell Out of Furniture, Upholstery, & Carpets . Next, tackle soft surfaces like furniture and carpets. Smoke smells cling to fabrics, so you need to clean them to get it out. Next, sprinkle baking soda over the couch, making sure to get the couch's backrest, armrests and where the cushions once sat. Then, sprinkle more baking soda over the cushions. Allow the baking soda to sit on the couch for a couple of hours so it can absorb the smoke smell. Then, connect the upholstery attachment to a vacuum cleaner …Simply pour some of it on a cloth and place it near or on the furniture. Leaving it in one place for a couple of hours will remove the smell of smoke from your furniture. A downside to this method is that vinegar has an unpleasant smell of its own. However, unlike the smell of smoke, the smell of vinegar can diminish in time.Mix 1 part vodka with 3 parts water in a spray bottle. The measurements do not need to be exact; the freshening spray will work well even with a stronger vodka concentration. Add a few drops of your favorite essential oil or essential oil blend. Secure the lid or nozzle tightly on the bottle and shake it to mix the ingredients.The experts at Smoke Guard will consider all areas of your space, from its potentially flammable design features. Expert Advice On Improving Your Home Videos Latest View All Guides...Clean hard furniture with a vinegar spray (unless the furniture’s finish is delicate). Wash the walls and ceiling with a vinegar and water solution. Mix two cups of vinegar, one cup of Borax, and 16 ounces of hydrogen peroxide in a bucket of hot water. Paint the walls and ceilings for a fresh smell and look.Jun 25, 2020 · Displaying - Place cups of vinegar in a room where people usually smoke to prevent it from sticking to furniture. Wiping - Mix half a gallon of warm water with two cups of vinegar and wipe furniture to remove the smoke smell. 2. Baking Soda. Another natural deodorant and disinfectant is baking soda. Take the drawers out leave it out on the lawn for 3 days, place tarp underneath it so it doesn’t get wet from grass dew. Clean with Lysol, rinse, sand it down, stain. Or paint with Kilz primer, this stuff gets rid of smoke smell in the walls in homes. If it still smells like smoke, trash it.Place an open box of baking soda inside a large container with a lid. Add the suede item inside and close the lid. Leave for two to three days. Other suitable odor absorbers are cedar balls, activated charcoal, or cat litter. These can be used instead or together with baking soda.Apply a small amount of leather cleaner to a clean cloth and rub it gently onto the leather surface. Use a circular motion to work the cleaner into the leather. Let the cleaner sit on the leather for a few minutes. Use a clean cloth to wipe off the excess cleaner. Repeat the process if necessary. Use white vinegar by placing it in bowls and letting the bowl sit inside the drawer. Saturate a cloth with vinegar and place this inside the furniture drawer or shelf. Check the progress of the odor after a few hours. If the foul odor persists, let the cloth or bowl remain inside the furniture. Removing soot from walls, ceilings, and hard surfaces. Cleaning soot from softer surfaces like furniture fabric or carpet. Deodorizing the fire-damaged home. Using ozone or hydroxyl machines as needed. In many cases, smoke smells don’t go away with a candle or wipedown with cleaner.We have the list of furniture stores that take away old furniture, including mattresses. Some stores have purchase requirements and fees. Details inside. Furniture stores sometimes...Shake it well so the baking soda powder spreads all over the clothes. Leave it like that to sit during the night. Eight to ten hours should be sufficient for the baking soda powder to absorb the smoke smell molecules. In the morning, take the bag outside, and open it there. Shake the baking soda off your clothes, and smell it.Skill Level And Timeframe: Getting Smoke Smell Out Of Leather. Removing smoke smell from leather requires a moderate level of skill and involves following specific steps and using the right tools and supplies. On a scale of 1 to 5, with 5 being the highest level of expertise, the skill level for getting smoke smell out of leather …4 Mar 2021 ... Air it out. · Paint it with a good primer that covers the odors and stains. · Do multiple coats of paint and primer. · Paint all the areas, even...

Remove Smoke Smell from Walls and Hard Surfaces. Use the homemade vinegar cleaning solution to clean all of the hard surfaces in the home. Tackle the walls, ceilings, floors, appliances, and cabinets (inside and out), countertops, stairs, handrails, mirrors, and even windows. Use the spray bottle for most of these, spraying the solution onto ... . Gs strategies

how to get smoke smell out of furniture

Discover if the new carpet smell is safe for you and your family. Learn effective tips to get rid of it and enjoy a fresh home without any harmful chemicals. Expert Advice On Impro...Use white vinegar by placing it in bowls and letting the bowl sit inside the drawer. Saturate a cloth with vinegar and place this inside the furniture drawer or shelf. Check the progress of the odor after a few hours. If the foul odor persists, let the cloth or bowl …Apply odor-neutralizing agents or deodorizers to eliminate lingering smells. There are many common techniques for cleaning porous furniture and decorations, which include: Steam cleaning delicate furniture or rugs that may be damaged by other methods. Hot water extraction of rugs and carpets deeply coated in soot.Dec 21, 2017 · Getting nicotine off wicker. Step 1. Take outside and mix 1/2 vinegar and water with tsp of dawn dish soap. Step 2. Spray the whole piece of wicker and scrub with a sponge. Step 3. Then rinse with a hose if you can. Step 4. Repeat and dry well with a towel. 4 Pure Vanilla Extract. The use of this substance does wonders at covering up smoke aromas. Mix one teaspoon with a cup of water and pours contents within a spray bottle. Begin to spray down the surface of the leather ensuring that it is covered in this solution. Store leather within a dry location with a outside in the shade.1. Forget the air fresheners. First, forget air fresheners. You’ll only mask the smell, and only for a few hours at best. As the air freshener dissipates, that smoke smell will return …To remove smoke smell from a car or room, fill several small bowls with baking soda and set them all around the space. Leave the baking soda in place for at least 24 hours. Sprinkle a thin layer of baking soda onto rugs or carpeting, let it sit for at least 2 hours (preferably overnight), and then vacuum.Build your own furniture with just a few materials and these easy-to-follow instructions. Create a bookcase, desk, telephone stand or plant stand. Advertisement Adding new furnitur...Wash the wood furniture inside and out. When people smoke near wood furniture, the …A casual wipe with soapy water may not help get rid of the smoke smell from wood furniture. And if you use harsh chemicals, you risk damaging the finish. ... How to Get Cigarette Smell Out of Wood Furniture . Removing cigarette smell from wood furniture is a lot easier if you’re armed with the right supplies and follow the correct steps.Sep 14, 2022 · The best way to remove the smoke smell from a wool coat is to use steam – whether to steam press it or to use steam in another way. If you have a steam presser for clothes, that would be ideal, although it’s not the only way to use steam to remove the smoke smell. For instance, you can hang your coat in the bathroom while you take a hot shower. Mice are a common problem in many homes and businesses, but they can be difficult to get rid of. Fortunately, there are several smells that can help repel mice and keep them away. ...Smoking is an addictive habit that can lead to a number of health problems, ranging from various types of cancer to high blood pressure and heart disease. It’s also difficult to qu...Aug 29, 2023 · Step-by-Step: Use a portion of 1 teaspoon of Murphy Oil Soap to 1 cup of warm water to fill the bucket. Apply a small amount of the cleaner onto a soft cloth. Gently clean the furniture’s surfaces, following the wood’s grain. Finish off by wiping off any excess cleaner and allow the furniture to air dry. 9. Mix two cups of apple cider vinegar with water in a spray bottle and apply it to the furniture. Wipe the furniture down with a microfiber cloth or paper towel. Repeat this …How To Remove Smoke Smell From Wood Furniture. Covering (or sealing) every square inch of your stinky furniture with shellac will get rid of the smell. I’ll type that one more time. Covering every square inch of the furniture will get rid of the smell. It’s kind of a tedious chore, but it’s 100% required to make sure the odor is totally …Mix 2 cups of vinegar in a gallon of warm water, soak a clean rag in it, and scrub down smelly surfaces, including walls, ceilings, floors, counters, and furniture. You ….

Popular Topics