What languages are spoken in turkey - Ottoman Turkish was based on Anatolian Turkish and used in the Ottoman Empire for administrative and literary language between 1299 to 1923. It is not a spoken ...

 
Turkish (66.5 Million) Minority Languages of Turkey. Though Turkish is the official language of Turkey, it is by no means the only one. As of the time of writing, the Turkish recognize dozens of languages as so-called “minority languages”, the most spoken of which are: Kurdish (8.13 Million) Arabic (2.4 Million) Zazaki (1.7 Million). Cleans

Turkish Jaklin Kornfilt 2013-11-12 Turkish is spoken by about fifty million people in Turkey and is the co-official language of Cyprus. Whilst Turkish has a number of properties that are similar to those of other Turkic languages, it has distinct and interesting characteristics which are given full coverage in this book.The Turkish language is primarily spoken in Turkey, where it serves as the official language and is widely used by the majority of the population. It also holds significant importance in the Turkish diaspora, with Turkish-speaking communities found in various countries around the world, including Germany, France, the Netherlands, the United ...The language first developed in the Nile Delta near Cairo, where the first Islamic Capital was located. The variety of Arabic was the language spoken by the Arab invaders during the Muslim conquest of Egypt in the 7th century. The mixture fused with the locally spoken Coptic language and other languages such as Turkish, Ottoman, …The official languages of the Republic of Cyprus are Greek and Turkish.: art. 3, § 1 The everyday spoken language of Greek Cypriots is Cypriot Greek, and that of Turkish Cypriots is Cypriot Turkish.For official purposes, the standard languages (Standard Modern Greek and Standard Turkish) are used.. According to the European Charter for Regional …It is not a well-known fact that over 70 languages are spoken in Turkey, although the official language is only Turkish, which is the mother tongue for around 85 … Azerbaijani language is also spoken to lesser varying degrees in Azerbaijani communities of Georgia and Turkey and by diaspora communities, primarily in Europe and North America. Although there is a very high degree of mutual intelligibility between both forms of Azerbaijani, there are significant differences in phonology , lexicon , morphology ... According to data from Oxfordshire County Council 34 languages are spoken in Turkey. In the heart of Asia (West), Turkey stands as a testament to linguistic diversity, boasting a repertoire of 34 distinct languages. This linguistic tapestry is a testament to the country's rich cultural history and societal amalgamationLanguage in Turkey. The official language, Turkish, is the first language spoken by 90% of the 63m population. Minority languages include Kurdish, spoken by 6% of the population. Arabic is spoken by 1.2% of the Turkish population; most of those speakers are bilingual Arabic and Turkish speakers.There are four primary dialects of Arabic spoken in Turkey, with the following speaker counts: Modern Standard Arabic 686,000 North Levantine Arabic 1,130,000. 520,000 Arabic in North Mesopotamia. Additional Arabic in Mesopotamia 101,000. Due to considerable Turkification of the Arab minority, the majority of Arabic …English is one of the most widely spoken languages in the world, and being able to communicate effectively in English can open up a world of opportunities. One of the major advanta...The Turkish language is an Altaic language, of the Turkic language branch. The origin of the Turkish language can be located around 1300 years ago, in Central Asia. This is when the first written records of Turkish began to emerge, though this was in Ottoman Turkish. Ottoman Turkish was used as the administration and governmental language of ...Although each is a distinctly different language—as different from one another as Turkish is from English—they are nevertheless related. The eight hundred or so indigenous languages in North America are classified by linguists in a tree-like system of family relationships. ... Algonquian languages and dialects were spoken by the Indians …The Turkish language is primarily spoken in Turkey, where it serves as the official language and is widely used by the majority of the population. It also holds significant importance in the Turkish diaspora, with Turkish-speaking communities found in various countries around the world, including Germany, France, the Netherlands, the United ...Sep 16, 2023 · The Korean language is related to the Altaic languages, which are spoken in countries like Turkey, Russia and Japan. The earliest written form of Korean appeared in 1446 CE during the Joseon Dynasty. There are at least 82 million speakers of Korean all over the world – more than half of them live in Korea, while others live in China, the ... According to data from Oxfordshire County Council 34 languages are spoken in Turkey. In the heart of Asia (West), Turkey stands as a testament to linguistic diversity, boasting a repertoire of 34 distinct languages. This linguistic tapestry is a testament to the country's rich cultural history and societal amalgamation16. Turkish // 88 Million. ... Though Telugu is the most spoken Dravidian language, Tamil holds the distinction of being the oldest in the family. 18. Yue Chinese // 85 Million.Aug 18, 2023 ... In 1928, the Republic of Turkey underwent a huge language reform and, in the space of just a few months, the country completely replaced old ...Mar 10, 2024 · Some of the prominent minority languages include: 1. Kurdish: Kurdish is the second most widely spoken language in Turkey. It is primarily spoken by the Kurdish population concentrated in the southeastern regions. The Kurdish language belongs to the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family. Apr 25, 2017 · Foreign Languages Spoken In Tunisia. French, English, and Italian are the main foreign languages spoken in Tunisia. The proximity of the country to Europe has popularized European languages in the country. A significant population in Tunisia also speaks Turkish. Though French was heavily popularized in Tunisia during the French protectorate of ... Languages: Turkish (official), Kurdish, other minority languages major-language sample(s): ... When data is available, the languages spoken in each country are broken down according to the percent of the total population speaking each language as a first language. For those countries without available data, languages are listed in rank …Are you looking to improve your communication skills in Urdu? Look no further. With the advancement of technology, it is now easier than ever to type and communicate in different l...Turkish is a language spoken in a large number of European countries, which is a member of the European Union. A Melting Pot Of Languages In Turkey. Despite the fact that Turkish is the nation’s most dominant language, a sizable minority of Turkey’s estimated 7 million residents speak Arabic, Kurdish, Armenian, Greek, and other …Foreign Languages Spoken In Tunisia. French, English, and Italian are the main foreign languages spoken in Tunisia. The proximity of the country to Europe has popularized European languages in the country. A significant population in Tunisia also speaks Turkish. Though French was heavily popularized in Tunisia during the French …Yes the spoken language in this video is Turkish but he speaks it in a 'Japanese' way, with a Japanese accent let's say. Imagine a person imitating French accent while speaking English. The guy in this video does the same for Japanese language. He clearly imitates Japanese accent while speaking Turkish.Immigrant languages Spoken In Honduras . Immigrant languages in Honduras are Arabic, Armenian, Turkish, and Yue Chinese. Arabic is the most widely spoken immigrant languages. About 42,000 of the Honduras population speaks Arabic. The numbers of people who speak Armenian, Turkish, and Yue Chinese are 1,300, 900, …These and other vocabulary reforms and standardizations since the 1920s have been quite successful: Current standard Turkish is indeed standardized, consisting mostly of Turkic … Turkish, also known as Istanbul Turkish or Anatolian Turkish, is spoken by the majority of the population in Turkey. It is the native language of approximately 70 to 80 million people, making it one of the most widely spoken Turkic languages in the world. I speak four languages: Bulgarian, English, German, and Russian. Mar 9, 2022 | Culture, Language. Turkey made it to the news headlines recently with the …The most widely spoken language is Turkish in Istanbul. The other languages commonly spoken are English, Kurdish, and Arabic. Many residents and Turkish people also speak German, French, Spanish, Italian, Russian, Azerbaijani, and other Turkic languages. Greek, Armenian, Ladino, and Albanian are historical …Turkish dialects map: Main subgroups. There is considerable dialectal variation in Turkish.. Turkish is a southern Oghuz language belonging to the Turkic languages.Turkish is natively and historically spoken by the Turkish people in Turkey, Cyprus, Bulgaria, Greece (primarily in Western Thrace), Kosovo, Meskhetia, North …In today’s globalized world, effective communication across different languages is crucial. With over 420 million native speakers worldwide, Arabic is one of the most widely spoken... Explore the diverse array of languages spoken in Turkey, from Turkish as the dominant tongue to regional dialects and immigrant languages. Skip to content +371 27150903 With this website, you will not need any other help to pass difficult task or level. It helps you with CodyCross Language spoken in the country east of Turkey answers, some additional solutions and useful tips and tricks. This game is made by developer Fanatee Inc, who except CodyCross has also other wonderful and puzzling games.Ottoman Turkish was based on Anatolian Turkish and used in the Ottoman Empire for administrative and literary language between 1299 to 1923. It is not a spoken ...Turkish is the official language of the Turkish Republic. It is a Southwestern Turkic (Oghuz Turkic) language, one of 30+ Turkic languages, and is spoken by ...With this website, you will not need any other help to pass difficult task or level. It helps you with CodyCross Language spoken in the country east of Turkey answers, some additional solutions and useful tips and tricks. This game is made by developer Fanatee Inc, who except CodyCross has also other wonderful and puzzling games.These and other vocabulary reforms and standardizations since the 1920s have been quite successful: Current standard Turkish is indeed standardized, consisting mostly of Turkic …A map that shows the area where Turkic languages are spoken can be found here. Moreover, Turkish, which is the most spoken dialect of Turkic languages, is one of the most widely spoken language in West European countries such as Germany, France and Netherlands due to Turkish immigrant presence in those countries.Dec 20, 2023 · Turkish is the official language and the most spoken language in Turkey. 99% of Turkish people speak some degree of Turkish Language. %93 of Turkish people speak Turkish as their mother tongue, and 6% are non-native speakers and speak Turkish as a second language. Minority languages spoken in Turkey are Kurdish (6%), and Arabic (1,2%). Speaking to Anadolu Agency, she, however, said that most of these people in Russian administered territories do not speak modern Turkish language as spoken in Turkey. “The closest languages to modern Turkish are Gagauz, Crimean Tatar, and Azerbaijani. The farthest are – Yakut and Chuvash,” Repenkova said. Anna Dybo, who … Unlike many of the languages spoken in the Ottoman Empire, French has left a clear mark on the modern Turkish language. From the 1800s and onward, more than 5000 French words entered into the everyday Turkish language, and unlike many of the loanwords from Arabic and Persian, most of these are still in use today. Are you looking to improve your spoken English skills? One of the most effective ways to enhance your fluency is through regular conversation practice. Engaging in conversations wi...Syria is a country in the Middle East that lies between Turkey and Lebanon, and borders the Mediterranean Sea. Arabic is the official language in Syria, while numerous dialects of the language are spoken on a daily basis in the country. Before Arabic was introduced in the Syrian territory, Aramaic was the dominant language, and it is still ...Key Differences. Kurdish and Turkish are distinct languages spoken predominantly in the Middle East. While Kurdish is the language of the Kurds, an ethnic group spread across Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Syria, Turkish is the official language of Turkey and is spoken by the majority of its population. Fiza Rafique. Sep 27, 2023.It is the official language of France and a co-official language of Belgium, Switzerland, and Luxembourg. More than 30% of European inhabitants know the language as a second language. 4. Turkish. Turkish is the official language of Turkey and has approximately 78 million native speakers in Europe, including 1.3 million Turks who live …Dec 20, 2023 · Turkish is the official language and the most spoken language in Turkey. 99% of Turkish people speak some degree of Turkish Language. %93 of Turkish people speak Turkish as their mother tongue, and 6% are non-native speakers and speak Turkish as a second language. Minority languages spoken in Turkey are Kurdish (6%), and Arabic (1,2%). After the Turkish Republic was founded, the Turkish language spoken by the ordinary people was accepted as Turkey’s official language. Also, the Latin alphabet was adopted. 2. Differences between Arabic and Turkish 2.1 Origins. Turkish and Arabic languages have very different paths of evolution.Turkish is the official language and the most spoken language in Turkey. 99% of Turkish people speak some degree of Turkish Language. %93 of Turkish people speak Turkish as their mother tongue, and 6% are non-native speakers and speak Turkish as a second language. Minority languages spoken in Turkey are Kurdish (6%), and …Turkish is the official language of Antalya. However, German is also spoken by a significant amount of the population. English is generally spoken and understood by the guides and also by the staff at most hotels and restaurants. In some of the restaurants, you may also find menu cards printed in English. Take a Look. Azerbaijani language is also spoken to lesser varying degrees in Azerbaijani communities of Georgia and Turkey and by diaspora communities, primarily in Europe and North America. Although there is a very high degree of mutual intelligibility between both forms of Azerbaijani, there are significant differences in phonology , lexicon , morphology ... Turkish (Türkçe (help · info)), also referred to as Istanbul Turkish, is the most widely spoken of the Turkic languages, with around 10–15 million native speakers in Southeast Europe (mostly in East and Western Thrace) and 60–65 million native speakers in Western Asia (mostly in Anatolia).Outside Turkey, significant smaller groups of speakers …The Crossword Solver found 30 answers to "Turkic language widely spoken in central Asia (5)", 5 letters crossword clue. The Crossword Solver finds answers to classic crosswords and cryptic crossword puzzles. Enter the length or pattern for better results. Click the answer to find similar crossword clues . Enter a Crossword Clue.The language uses Romani vocabulary and Cypriot Turkish grammar. Little is known about this minority language and it is not protected by the country’s law. Immigrant Languages Spoken In Cyprus . A number of immigrant languages are spoken in Cyprus. These languages are spoken by the immigrant population of various ethnicities living in …Turkish. “Approximately 75 million people speak Turkish as their first language, making it one of the world’s 15 most widely spoken first languages. Another 15 million people speak Turkish as a second language. In addition to Turkey, Turkish speaking people live in the Balkans, the Caucasus, and in Western Europe.Turkish is the largest minority language, in a situation mirroring that of Germany, spoken by 2.3% of the population. Serbian [ edit ] Serbian is the one of the largest minority languages in Austria.The best foods are finger-licking good no matter how you choose to cook them. This seasonal bird proves it. It’s turkey time! In addition to being one of the staples of the holiday...The Turkish language that is mainly spoken in Turkey has about 70 million speakers worldwide. In Macedonia, the Turkish language is spoken by ethnic Turks and other communities concentrated in several places of the Republic. Gostivar, Skopje, and Vrapčište have a high concentration of Turkish-speaking communities. ... The Turkic language family is unrelated to most other European and Middle Eastern languages and apart from Turkish, it includes languages such as Azerbaijani, Tartar, Kazakh and several others. Secondly, Kurmanji or Northern Kurdish is spoken in South-Eastern Turkey (as well as Iran, Iraq and Syria). Britannica Quiz. Languages & Alphabets. From the point of view of linguistic development, four periods of Turkish may be differentiated: Old (Anatolian and …Turkish is the official language of the Turkish Republic. It is a Southwestern Turkic (Oghuz Turkic) language, one of 30+ Turkic languages, and is spoken by ...Turkish (Türkçe (help · info)), also referred to as Istanbul Turkish, is the most widely spoken of the Turkic languages, with around 10–15 million native speakers in Southeast Europe (mostly in East and Western Thrace) and 60–65 million native speakers in Western Asia (mostly in Anatolia).Outside Turkey, significant smaller groups of speakers …Turkish dialects map: Main subgroups. There is considerable dialectal variation in Turkish.. Turkish is a southern Oghuz language belonging to the Turkic languages.Turkish is natively and historically spoken by the Turkish people in Turkey, Cyprus, Bulgaria, Greece (primarily in Western Thrace), Kosovo, Meskhetia, North …According to data from Oxfordshire County Council 34 languages are spoken in Turkey. In the heart of Asia (West), Turkey stands as a testament to linguistic diversity, boasting a repertoire of 34 distinct languages. This linguistic tapestry is a testament to the country's rich cultural history and societal amalgamationA map that shows the area where Turkic languages are spoken can be found here. Moreover, Turkish, which is the most spoken dialect of Turkic languages, is one of the most widely spoken language in West European countries such as Germany, France and Netherlands due to Turkish immigrant presence in those countries.What Is The Turkic Language Family? Turkic language speakers are spread across much of Eurasia. The roots of the Turkic languages originated in the steppes of Central Asia. From there, they were carried westward by nomadic peoples who reached what are now Turkey and the Balkans, and to the north and northeast by those …Egypt - Arabic, Coptic, Nubian: The official language of Egypt is Arabic, and most Egyptians speak one of several vernacular dialects of that language. As is the case in other Arab countries, the spoken vernacular differs greatly from the literary language. Modern literary Arabic (often called Modern Standard Arabic or al-fuṣḥā, “clear” Arabic), which …It’s accepted culinary wisdom that breaking down a turkey into its various parts and cooking them to their own, unique target temperatures is the best way to prepare the bird. But...While Turkish remains the dominant language, there are three main languages spoken after Turkish: Kurdish, Zazaki, and Arabic. Kurdish is widely spoken in Turkey and is the second most spoken language in the country. Kurdish belongs to the Indo-European language family and has different dialects, the most widespread being …I speak four languages: Bulgarian, English, German, and Russian. Mar 9, 2022 | Culture, Language. Turkey made it to the news headlines recently with the …TurkishTurkish language but using Arabic alphabet.Ottomans would speak in the language Turkish. The Ottoman Empire is what we know of now to be modern day Turkey.they spoke Turkish,Ottoman empire ...Dec 9, 2015 · Here are the four most common languages: 1. Turkish. Though there are other languages in the Turkic language family, Turkish is the most widely spoken of all of them. There are over 60 million native speakers of Turkish, with some speakers living in neighboring countries or even further away. Turkish has a few unique characteristics, like its ... Turkish dialects map: Main subgroups. There is considerable dialectal variation in Turkish.. Turkish is a southern Oghuz language belonging to the Turkic languages.Turkish is natively and historically spoken by the Turkish people in Turkey, Cyprus, Bulgaria, Greece (primarily in Western Thrace), Kosovo, Meskhetia, North Macedonia, Romania, Iraq, Syria and other areas of traditional settlement ... The Turkic languages are a group of languages spoken across Eastern Europe, the Middle East, Central Asia, East Asia and Siberia. Turkic languages are spoken as native languages by some 200 million people. ... Kurdish Turkish (Turkish spoken by Kurds, not to be confused with Kurdish which is an Iranian language, Kurdish substrate) Armenian is a language that belongs to the Indo-European family and has its script. It is the official language of Armenia, but it is also spoken in parts of Turkey, Iran, and Georgia. 4. Azerbaijani. Azerbaijani, also known as Azeri, is spoken by a sizeable population of Azerbaijani origin in Tbilisi. While Turkish remains the dominant language, there are three main languages spoken after Turkish: Kurdish, Zazaki, and Arabic. Kurdish is widely …Jul 28, 2023 ... About 75 million people speak Turkish in Turkey as their primary language. Turkish is the official language of Turkey, and 90% of the ...The pressure on Kurds in Turkey to not speak their own language is a reflection of a general intolerance towards the Kurdish population, said Birca Belek Language and Culture Association Co-chair Mirza Roni. Speaking to the Mezopotamya news agency (MA), Roni said five people had been killed in Turkey in the last seven … Turkey is a country with a rich and diverse linguistic heritage, where more than 30 languages are spoken by its 84 million inhabitants. Learn about the official language, the minority languages, and the linguistic challenges facing Turkey in this informative article. Kurdish language, a West Iranian language, one of the Indo-Iranian languages, chiefly spoken in Kurdistan.It ranks as the third largest Iranian language, after Persian and Pashto, and has numerous dialects.It is thought to be spoken by some 20–40 million people. There are three main dialect groups. Northern Kurdish—spoken from …The Northwest Caucasian languages, also called West Caucasian, Abkhazo-Adyghean, Abkhazo-Circassian, Circassic, or sometimes Pontic languages, is a family of languages spoken in the northwestern Caucasus region, chiefly in three Russian republics (Adygea, Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay–Cherkessia), the disputed territory of Abkhazia, Georgia, …I speak four languages: Bulgarian, English, German, and Russian. Mar 9, 2022 | Culture, Language. Turkey made it to the news headlines recently with the …

Aug 30, 2023 · Also, Turkey being a popular tourist attraction with a growing number of tourists that visit the country every year, necessitates the use of foreign languages, such as English, German, French, and Italian. Foreign languages spoken in Turkey are ranked below according to their frequency of speech: English. German. French. . Matching shoes

what languages are spoken in turkey

China has eight major languages and several other minor minority languages that are spoken by different ethnic groups. The major languages are Mandarin, Yue, Wu, Minbei, Minnan, Xi...Oct 23, 2023 · The Turkish language, with its origins in Central Asia, is the most widely spoken language and serves as the official language. Kurdish, Arabic, Zaza, Circassian, Armenian, Greek, Laz, Georgian, and Aramaic are among the other languages that contribute to Turkey’s linguistic landscape. Turkish is the official language in Turkey with a population of over 72 million and also in the self-proclaimed Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.Turkish is spoken by small groups of ethnic ...What to see and what to do at the Çatalhöyük ruins in Turkey, including how to get there, and how long it takes to visit humanity’s oldest settlement. Urban travel often involves c...Nov 13, 2023 ... In Turkey, the primary and official language is Turkish. However, some Turkish people speak other languages due to historical and demographic ...The constitutions of 1922 and 1925 of the new federation both refer to the language spoken in Azerbaijan as ‘Turkish.’. In 1922, an agreement on the formation of the USSR was reached. In article 14, Russian, Ukrainian, Belorussian, Georgian, Armenian and ‘Turkish’ are mentioned as the six working languages of the USSR.The languages of Turkey, apart from the official language Turkish, include the widespread Kurdish (Kurmanji) and Arabic, and a number of less common minority languages. Four minority languages are officially recognized in the Republic of Turkey by the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne and the Turkey-Bulgaria Friendship Treaty of 18 October 1925: Armenian, …The most common language spoken in Brazil is the official tongue, Portuguese. However, a diverse indigenous community and extensive immigration makes the linguistic culture of Braz...The language of the court and government of the Ottoman Empire was Ottoman Turkish, but many other languages were in contemporary use in parts of the empire. The Ottomans had three influential languages, known as "Alsina-i Thalātha" (The Three Languages), that were common to Ottoman readers: Ottoman Turkish, Arabic and Persian. Turkish was …Ottoman Turkish (Ottoman Turkish: لِسانِ عُثمانى, romanized: Lisân-ı Osmânî, Turkish pronunciation: [liˈsaːnɯ osˈmaːniː]; Turkish: Osmanlı Türkçesi) was the standardized register of the Turkish language in the Ottoman Empire (14th to 20th centuries CE). It borrowed extensively, in all aspects, from Arabic and Persian.It was written in the …Turkish is the longest documented and most complex of the Turkic languages, and the one with the most speakers (more than 80 million).Kurdish language, a West Iranian language, one of the Indo-Iranian languages, chiefly spoken in Kurdistan.It ranks as the third largest Iranian language, after Persian and Pashto, and has numerous dialects.It is thought to be spoken by some 20–40 million people. There are three main dialect groups. Northern Kurdish—spoken from …Sep 29, 2023 · Turkish is the most widely spoken language in the country, but there are also several minority languages spoken by different communities. These minority languages include Kurdish, Arabic, Armenian, and Laz, among others. Each language has its own unique history and culture, contributing to the rich linguistic diversity found in modern-day ... Details. English in Turkey. Only about 17% of Turks speak English, mostly basic. English in Istanbul. Slightly more common, but still not widely spoken. Tourist Spots. Places like Istanbul have more English speakers, …According to Ethnologue, 7,151 languages are spoken in the world today. The distinction between a language and a dialect can be a contentious topic, though. Just ask someone on the streets of Edinburgh, Scotland if Scots is a language or a dialect of English! ... Turkish (88.1 million) Tamil (86.4 million) Yue Chinese (including Cantonese) …Apr 25, 2017 · Foreign Languages Spoken In Tunisia. French, English, and Italian are the main foreign languages spoken in Tunisia. The proximity of the country to Europe has popularized European languages in the country. A significant population in Tunisia also speaks Turkish. Though French was heavily popularized in Tunisia during the French protectorate of ... Are you looking to enhance your communication skills and take your English proficiency to the next level? Look no further. With the advancement of technology, learning English has ...Kurdish and Turkish are two distinct languages spoken in the Middle East, with Kurdish primarily spoken by the Kurdish people and Turkish being the official language of Turkey. While both languages belong to the larger Turkic language family, they have significant differences in terms of grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation. Kurdish is an ...Nevertheless, the Western Armenian language is still spoken by a small minority of the present-day Armenian community in Turkey. However, only 18 percent of the Armenian community speaks Western Armenian, while 82 percent of the Armenian community speaks Turkish. ... He held his position and continued his research in linguistics at the Turkish ...Sep 1, 2017 · Immigrant languages Spoken In Honduras . Immigrant languages in Honduras are Arabic, Armenian, Turkish, and Yue Chinese. Arabic is the most widely spoken immigrant languages. About 42,000 of the Honduras population speaks Arabic. The numbers of people who speak Armenian, Turkish, and Yue Chinese are 1,300, 900, and 1,000 respectively. .

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